{"id":5212,"date":"2023-01-07T21:31:58","date_gmt":"2023-01-07T20:31:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.seawards.fr\/state-of-matters\/"},"modified":"2024-02-13T17:07:54","modified_gmt":"2024-02-13T16:07:54","slug":"state-of-matters","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.seawards.fr\/en\/state-of-matters\/","title":{"rendered":"State of matters"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Landscape<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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STATE OF MATTERS<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Existing technologies and their impacts<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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WATER SCARCITY<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u201cToday 2.2 billion people live in water stressed zones, where water supply is short to answer the need of its population at best for a part of the year. Half a billion are dealing daily with consequences of water scarcity \u201c explains Vladimir Smakhtin, co-author of this excerpt and director of the UNU-INWEH, leading research on multiple type of non-conventional water resources.<\/p>

Desalination is mainly deployed in the Middle East and small islander nations generally lacking renewable water resources.<\/p>

Today the need is growing widely, reaching different parts of the world with a wide variety of situations.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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2.2 billion of people affected by water scarcity in 2020\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t0<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t M<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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15% only of population under water stress have access to the desalination for solution <\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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97 % of water in the world is in the oceans\n\n<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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0.75 % of the total amount of water on earth is available for humanity usage \n<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Water risk atlas<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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World ressources institute - Aqueduct<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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<\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/path><\/svg><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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2.2 billion people live in water stressed zones, where water supply is short to answer the need of its population. In 2030 there will be 3 billions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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DESALINATION STILL SHORT IN SUPPLY<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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More than half of the seawater desalination is located in the Middle East and Northern Africa. With Saudi Arabia (15.5 %), United Arab Emirates (10.1%), Kuwait (3.7%) being, at once, the largest producers and consumers of these areas of the world.<\/p>

The East Asia-Pacific and North America regions produce 18.4% and 11.9% of the world’s desalinated water, mainly due to the large capacities of China (7.5%) and the USA (11.2%) respectively.<\/p>

The large use of desalination in Spain (5.7%) makes up for more that half of the total desalination in Europe totalling (9.2 %). The lowest use of dessalement is in South Asia (3.1%), in Eastern Europe and Central Asia (2.4 %) as in Sub-Saharan Africa (1.9 %), where desalination is limited to small plants dedicated to private or industrials use.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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DESALINATION IS CURRENTLY\nTOO INACCESSIBLE, \nTOO EXPENSIVE \nAND TOO POLLUTING<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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50 millions cubic meters of chemical-loaded brine is discarded in the sea each year. Scale to be a layer 30 cms of this brine covering 152 000 square meters of land.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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About reverse osmosis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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FOR EVERY LITER OF POTABLE WATER, 1.5 LITER OF CHEMICAL-LOADED BRINE IS REJECTED.<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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UN report<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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One of the principal environmental impacts of actual desalination is the<\/span> raising of the oceans temperature resulting of thermal pollution<\/b>.\u00a0The brine rejected, in the ocean, by a reverse osmosis plant, could be as high as 4 degrees higher that the surrounding seawater.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Reverse osmosis\u2019 catastrophic impact on the environment. Analysis in 2 folds :<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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